Optimizing diabetes management interventions for Black and Hispanic adults using the multiphase optimization strategy: Protocol for a randomized mixed methods factorial trial


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Optimizing diabetes management interventions for Black and Hispanic adults using the multiphase optimization strategy: Protocol for a randomized mixed methods factorial trial

Background: Black and Hispanic adults with diabetes are more likely to experience diabetes complications and die from diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites. This disparity may be due to medication adherence being negatively affected by social determinants of health (SDOH) and negative beliefs about diabetes and diabetes medicines. Pharmacist delivered medication therapy management (MTM) improves clinical outcomes. However, pharmacists have limited capacity and expertise to address SDOH barriers and health misperceptions. Supplementing MTM with Community Health Workers (CHWs) to address these factors may be more effective with potential for implementation. Aim: To investigate what combination of two possible components, pharmacist delivered MTM and CHWs addressing SDOH barriers and health misperceptions, represents the optimized intervention for Black and Hispanic adults with uncontrolled diabetes. Methods/design: We will use a 2 × 2 factorial desig n (MTM, CHW: ON vs. OFF) where participants will be randomized to one of four treatment conditions in a 6-month intervention delivered mostly by phone. We will recruit 376 Black or Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1C of ≥8 %, a clinical indicator of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome is A1C measured at 6 months, and at 12 months for sustained change. The secondary outcome is medication adherence. Several psychosocial factors will be examined as potential mediators. An embedded experimental mixed methods approach will be used to obtain participant perspectives through qualitative interviews and integrated to assess intervention acceptability. Discussion: Our findings will identify the optimized intervention, e.g., comprising MTM or CHW or both intervention components, that effectively and efficiently improves diabetes outcomes among Black and Hispanic adults with uncontrolled diabetes, informing dissemination. © 2025 The Authors

Authors : Shiyanbola O.O.; Maurer M.A.; Piper M.E.; Bolt D.; Sharp L.K.; Ouayogodé M.H.; Fisher E.

Source : Elsevier Inc.

Article Information

Year 2025
Type Article
DOI 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107804
ISSN 15517144
Volume 149

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