Here are the Superficial Modulus, Water-Content, and Mesh-Size at Hydrogel Surfaces journals presenting the latest research across various disciplines. From social sciences to technology, each article is expected to provide valuable insights to our readers.
Abstract
The most distal surfaces of lubricious high water-content aqueous gels may have decreasing concentrations and gradients of macromolecular chains on the surface that emanate outward into the environment. This superficial zone of extended polymer chains has a water-content that approaches 100% over the final few hundred nanometers, and the superficial modulus is the elastic modulus of this superficial surface. Micro-rheology using high-speed microscopy with fluorescent nanospheres enabled measurements of both the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ over a frequency range of 0.4 1/s–50 1/s. 100 µm-thick control samples of polyacrylamide gels with equilibrium water-content of 97.9%, 98.4%, and 98.9% had measured storage moduli of 70.3 ± 26.9 Pa, 53.3 ± 22.4 Pa, and 38.8 ±14 Pa, respectively. Master curves based on meta-data analysis from published measurements of mesh-size, water-content, and elastic modulus were created and used to relate rheological measurements of the superficial modulus to water-content and mesh-size. This interfacial microrheological measurement method was further used to quantify the superficial modulus and water-content of two commercial contact lens materials that have water-gradient gels on their surfaces: delefilcon A (E = 48 ± 11 Pa, > 99.6% water) and lehfilcon A (E = 10 ± 8 Pa, > 99.7% water). The micro-rheology method on Gemini gel interfaces facilitates measurements of the most distal superficial zone of aqueous gels and the quantification of the superficial modulus and water-content of these surfaces.
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