Interaction between type 2 diabetes and past COVID-19 on active tuberculosis

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Interaction between type 2 diabetes and past COVID-19 on active tuberculosis

Background: The global setback in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and mortality in the post-COVID-19 era has been partially attributed to pandemic-related disruptions in healthcare systems. The additional biological contribution of COVID-19 to TB is less clear. The goal of this study was to determine if there is an association between COVID-19 in the past 18 months and a new TB episode, and the role played by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity in this relationship.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 new active TB patients and 373 non-TB controls, identified between June 2020 and November 2021 in communities along the Mexican border with Texas. Past COVID-19 was based on self-report or positive serology. Bivariable/multivariable analysis were used to evaluate the odds of new TB in hosts with past COVID-19 and/or DM status.

Results: The odds of new TB were higher among past COVID-1 9 cases vs. controls, but only significant among DM patients (aOR 2.3). The odds of TB in people with DM was 2.7-fold higher among participants without past COVID-19 and increased to 7.9-fold among those with past COVID-19.

Conclusion: DM interacts with past COVID-19 synergistically to magnify the risk of TB. Latent TB screening and prophylactic treatment, if positive, is recommended in past COVID-19 persons with DM. Future studies are warranted with a longitudinal design and larger sample size to confirm our findings. © The Author(s) 2024.

Authors : Calles-Cabanillas L.E.; Aguillón-Durán G.P.; Ayala D.; Caso J.A.; Garza M.; Joya-Ayala M.; Cruz-Gonzalez A.M.; Loera-Salazar R.; Prieto-Martinez E.; Rodríguez-Herrera J.E.; Garcia-Oropesa E.M.; Thomas J.M., III; Lee M.; Torrelles J.B.; Restrepo B.I.

Source : BioMed Central Ltd