Omega-3 Fatty Acids Weaken Lymphocyte Inflammatory Features and Improve Glycemic Control in Nonobese Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Weaken Lymphocyte Inflammatory Features and Improve Glycemic Control in Nonobese Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Highlights: Fish oil supplementation reduces insulin resistance in nonobese type 2 diabetes model. Fish oil supplementation increased the lymphocyte polarization towards T regulatory profile instead Th1 and Th17 profiles. Fish oil immunomodulatory effects indicate a potential effect of omega-3 to reduce inflammatory response in lean type 2 diabetic patients. Anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil can contribute for the increased insulin response in nonobese type 2 diabetic individuals. Background/Objectives: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats exhibit insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without obesity. This study explored the effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on T lymphocyte polarization in Wistar (WT) and GK rats.

Methods: They were administered ω-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil (FO) containing eicosapentaenoic (540 mg/g) and docosahexaenoic acids (100 mg/g) by oral gavage at 2 g/kg, thrice a week for 8 weeks. The control groups (WT CT and GK CT) received the same volume of water. The following groups were investigated: GK CT, n = 14; GK ω-3, n = 15; Wistar CT, n = 15; and Wistar ω-3, n = 11. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) were performed. Fasting plasma insulinemia and glycemia were measured. After euthanasia, the lymphocytes were extracted from the mesenteric lymph nodes.

Results: The results showed that GK rats supplemented with FO had significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (kITT). It also promoted greater polarization of lymphocytes toward T regulatory (Treg) features and a reduction in Th1 and Th17 profiles. Additionally, the GK ω-3 group exhibited lower cell proliferation, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased IL-10 levels compared to the GK control. Conclusions: In conclusion, FO supplementation benefited GK rats by improving glucose intolerance, suppressing insulin resistance, and modulating lymphocytes toward Treg polarizati on. © 2024 by the authors.

Authors : Lobato T.B.; Santos E.S.D.S.; Iser-Bem P.N.; Falcão H.D.S.; Gimenes G.M.; Pauferro J.R.B.; Rodrigues G.T.; Correa I.S.; Pereira A.C.G.; Passos M.E.P.; Borges J.C.D.O.; Alves A.C.D.A.; Santos C.S.D.; Araújo M.J.L.D.; Diniz V.L.S.; Levada-Pires A.C.; Pithon-Curi T.C.; Masi L.N.; Curi R.; Hirabara S.M.; Gorjão R.

Source : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)